WHOLESALE DISCOUNT - SAVE UP TO 30% ON YOUR ORDER. Green tourmaline is known for its excellent clarity and vast color range, from blue-green and forest-green to mint-green. When it comes to size, more than 20 carats is not out of the question and is by all means readily available. Topaz is a tannish mineral, emerald green of course but there can be different colors. Owing to its uniqueness, Topaz jewelry is slightly more expensive than Citrine. How fitting, then, that the two November birthstones are Citrine and Topaztwo gemstones celebrated for their simple, vibrant, and warm sun-like hue, and a famed sky-blue color, respectively.Reading: how to tell the difference between citrine and topazDesignated by gem enthusiasts as the "Light Maker," the Citrine's quality does just that. It forges more robust neural pathways within you, helping you feel more secure in yourself, more confident in your abilities, and more in harmony with yourself and the world. Blue topaz paired with clear quartz or blue lace agate is a great combination for the throat chakra. White topaz is close to cubic zirconia in terms of hardness (8 on the Mohs scale), but it is softer. One breathtaking piece of topaz jewelry is a bib necklace that was dubbed the most spectacular necklace in the world. It was worn in the 1940s in several movies and is honestly hard to take your eyes off of. Citrine tends to have a lemony yellow hue that's clear and pale. In the 1930s, gemology developed into a legitimate scientific discipline. Citrine has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale making it resistant to scratches and durable for jewelry. The density of Topaz is 3.49 which is higher than Quartz at 2.65. Read more: Citrine Meaning and Healing Properites. Citrine vs. Topaz How To Tell The Difference? During the Renaissance, it was thought to hold the power to break magical spells. But something grabbed my attention quickly, and it was yellow Topaz and sapphire. The problem there is that Clear Topaz, when faceted, looks very similar to White Diamond; it . It gets artificially coated by a vapor deposition process that gives it an orange effect on its surface. The pale or clear topaz that is enhanced to produce blue topaz is mined in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, and China. Gemologists say about 95% of the industry's citrine jewelry receives heat treatment. A sure-fire way to notice the difference is to hold your gem against bright light and view it through a microscope or jeweler's loupe. Natural amethyst is dichroic in reddish violet and bluish violet, but when heated, turns yellow-orange, yellow-brown, or dark brownish and may resemble citrine, but loses its dichroism, unlike genuine citrine. In its pale yellow hue, it looks a lot like a yellow topaz, which could explain why they're so easily confused. The stone also helps with trust and expression issues. Juli has been working with diamonds and jewelry for 6+ years. It also pairs well with honey calcite for clarity of thought and vision. You can get citrine for about $20 per carat, possibly a bit more if the cut is perfect, the color is saturated, and the clarity is very good. Fine topaz normally occurs as a colorless crystal, though other colors, such as pink, blue, green, sherry, brown, etc are known to occur as well. The largest artificial citrine producer is Brazil. Clear or colorless topaz is quite common and has little value. It is more lemon in color than a citrine, which has tones of orange in it. Yellow topaz is discovered in Russia instead of the more common locations of Mexico, Utah, Brazil, and Colorado. However, if you are looking to find the difference in physical appearance as well as metaphysical properties, youll find your answer here. Citrine is yellowish green variety of quartz stone. Tuck this under the pillow to ease stress and prevent nightmares. If youre looking for an alternative for these gems and dont mind that its not a birthstone, then why not try yellow sapphire ? While Citrine and Yellow Topaz come into the semi-precious gemstone class, Yellow Sapphire is a precious . It is believed to control the flow of information from the mind to the rest of the body. It is associated with self-confidence and personal power. In India, it was thought all those that wore topaz above their heart would be ensured a long life full of beauty and intelligence. This means that sapphire can withstand scratches and will stand the test of time better than topaz. Citrine noun. The choice of purchasing a gemstone always has value as a commanding factor. Copyright 2013-2021 | Beadnova All Rights Reserved. Moreover, a real topaz is also cool to touch and it gets electrified easily. Some of that may be heat treated citrine stones that have improved color or heated amethyst/smoky quartz. 1. Scorpios can also wear the stone for luck, fortune, and transformation. If you find cheap Citrine online or in stores, it is most probably heat-treated Amethyst. Emerald vs Green Garnet: Which is More Valuable? Topaz as a group is a harder gemstone than quartz (citrine in this case). It represents the planet Venus in astrology, responsible for the trustful, charm, and dependability traits seen in the people who resonate with the number. Another topaz that is rare is the green topaz, and is highly valued also. Generally gemstones over 7 are fine to wear everyday, but a topaz will . Natural gemstones are heavier than fakes. But, it will never be as much as imperial topaz, which tends to range from orange to salmon, sometimes showing red flashes. Yellow topaz was considered a talisman by the ancient Greeks, who utilized it to ward off danger. In addition, fakes are tricky to recognize; therefore, its crucial to buy from a reliable stone merchant. Learning Jewelry is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. They are one of the most sought-after varieties of quartz crystals. Poor quality sapphire is also enhanced and sold as topaz. One of the trade names for the peach variety of pink topaz is "imperial topaz." The brownish, champagne variety is called "sherry topaz." Citrine stones are valued for their metaphysical properties. Citrine is a stone of abundance and power, whether in business or ones career, but it also has different qualities that aid in introspective growth and understanding. We experience the same thing when we weigh individual gems. Topaz is found on most of the continents, with the colorless variety being the most common. In Feng Shui, the number is associated with good energy flow and luck. In the days before modern gemology, its tawny color caused it to be confused with topaz. Can You Use Hydrogen Peroxide to Clean Jewelry? Jupiter, the planet of expansion, growth, tolerance, and plenty, is ruled by both stones. A variety of quartz are also enhanced and sold as topaz. Take a look at the color of the stone. The stone is filled with energies that influence hope, good health, joy, and youth. Though yellow topaz is affordable, there are synthetic topaz on the market as well. Summary: 1. A great way to tell if a Citrine is real is to look at the stone in the light. They go under the name Palmeira Topaz, Madeira Topaz, Gold(en) topaz, Rio Topaz, Hinjosa topaz, Smoky Topaz, Spanish topaz, Scottish topaz, Topaz quartz Orange topaz, and Topaz saffronite. As one of the world's oldest gemstones, topaz has been the name of many different gemstones. No simple test that I can think of. Yellow topaz is a harder gem than citrine, 3. Pink topaz occurs, but is rare. It's not the most popular gemstone in jewelry, but citrine is highly regarded when using it for crystal healing. In the contemporary market, citrine's most popular shade is an earthy, deep . Blue topaz, which is very rare in nature, can be made by irradiating clear topaz. Although neither of these stones is as hard as diamond, white topaz . The color spectrum of yellow topaz spans from a deeper yellow to practically orange, with deeper undertones that nevertheless stop short of red. Yellow topaz can be combined with golden labradorite or zincite for mental strength, focus, and implementation of plans and goals. #2. These flawless gemstones are relatively less expensive. Jewelry care, diamond and gemstones care, metal Alergies. Also, check to see what the surface temperature of the quartz . It is an important element in the existence of both human beings and animals. People also fall in the trap of jewelers because topaz has a wider range of colors and looks more attractive than yellow sapphire. We look forward to seeing you! The most common blue topazes produced by radiation are: Sky Blue Topaz which is a moderately strong light blue topaz resulting from treating colorless topaz with gamma rays from Cobalt 60 or electrons by electron accelerators. Although not celebrated as much as sapphires, rubies, and emeralds, the gems of November can hold their own for not only being beautiful, but for being affordable when it comes to, let us say, the larger cuts. The stone is uniformly colored, and its value decreases in an instance of color zoning. Topaz is used together with citrine for the solar plexus and sacral chakra. However, modern gemology experts agree that vivid orange topaz jewelry should be called Imperial topaz and the yellow variety called yellow topaz. Citrine is a gemstone variety, topaz is a gemstone species. The negative manifestations of the planets energies are over-indulgence, blind optimism, ill will, and irresponsibility. This achieves strong blue colors. Citrine topaz - which is citrine. Throughout much of history, all yellow gems were considered topaz and all topaz were thought to be yellow. This phenomenon is found in Bolivia. They share a vitreous sheen, making them equally reflective of light. The chakra also governs our sexuality, sex drive, emotions, and physical energies. So, if you are inexperienced, the easiest way to examine whether you have a real crystal or not is to test the weight next to glass pieces of a similar size. 16 Crystal Combinations Ideas for Different Intentions. More articles aboutGemstoneyou may like: Yellow Crystals List: Names, Meaning, Healing, and Uses. Smoky Quartz and Citrine: Combination for Emotional Balance. The Citrine stone has a hardness of 7 on the Moh's scale of hardness. Heat treated citrine can start out as light colored or it can start out as another variety of the quartz family. This is why November babies get the choice of either stone. This is the place I write about how to use and care for your crystals, so you can get the most out of them. Most Citrine is formed by heat treating purple Amethyst.Citrine may also be produced by heat-treating Smoky Quartz from certain localities. The crystals of topaz are mainly prismatic. Whereas Citrine usually ranges from around 2$ to 10$ per carat. We don't realize how often our hands bump into everything throughout the day, even if you don't work hard labor. Topaz can be seen in distinctive colors, such as wine, golden, orange, brownish, light grey, etc. Topaz. These are the most common gem types, and are easily found everywhere on the planet. If you have both a piece of Quartz and a piece of Topaz, you can identify them using a scratch test, but be warned, this will leave a scratch on one gem. 400 per carat. This space was created for anyone looking to dive into the extraordinary world of crystals. While diamonds are often considered the go-to choice for engagement rings, there are numerous other gemstones available to consider. Citrine belongs to the quartz family of minerals. Both stones are the traditional November birthstones and resonate the best with the Scorpio zodiac signs. Citrine is one of the November birthstones. Both stones will require additional care to prevent damage and chipping. Sodalite Vs. Lapis Lazuli: Whats The Difference. The bright orange color has red flashes caused by heat treating amethyst. The stone can be placed on the solar plexus chakra during this practice to cultivate personal power. There are lots of people who believe healing quartz stones like citrine have many benefits. Sellers often sell citrine as yellow topaz. What Crystals Work Well Together? It is also associated with optimism, goodwill, mercy, good luck, and prosperity. Both are associated with mystical properties. If you were to hold a Topaz crystal in one hand and the same size Quartz crystal in the other, you would easily be able to tell which one is Topaz. In addition to evoking feelings of warmth and camaraderie, this diamond may dispel even the deepest nighttime shadows. Imperial topaz is now mined at the Imperial Topaz Mines in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Amplifying the energies from these stones will improve communication and self-expression. Hold the stone and speak your affirmations to activate your stone for energy work. Looking at each stone on their own doesnt make it easy to compare the two, but if you set them side by side you will notice yellow topaz is usually deeper and a little warmer in color. Though, citrines most popular shade is an earthy brownish or reddish orange. This stone is said to create an abundance in your own life and give you the generosity to share this with others. Since its so rare, most yellow citrine is actually other forms of heat-treated quartz. You'll find most yellow topaz and orange topaz with vivid hues will be branded as Imperial topaz or precious topaz. In total the necklace had almost 1000 total carats of diamonds, and that isnt even counting the other gems, like those topazes. In meditation, the stone recharges, heals, and aligns body chakras. Citrine owes its yellow color to iron hydroxide impurities, which give the gem a range from pale yellow to light brown. Some sellers can try and scam you by selling you colored glass and pass it off to you as an actual Citrine. Topaz is the other birthstone. Citrine colors range between yellow to reddish orange, whereas topaz comes in every color. The yellow topaz vs. citrine is two entirely different stones. Its about 25% denser than citrine, which matter when you get a lot of stones, such as a big necklace or a tennis bracelet. Its uplifting, happy vibe is a direct result of the citrine crystal. They are abundant and come in all sizes, to getting the right stone for a good price will not be difficult. Diamonds are made of carbons and quartz is made of silicone doxide. Treatment is normal for gemstones, and doesn't change their authenticity. On the Mohs scale, citrine is rated at 7, while yellow topaz is rated at 8. While others thought it made them invisible to potential threats, the disappearance of yellow topaz in the vicinity of poison served as a warning. The hardness of the stone is 9.0 on the Mohs scale, making this gemstone one of the hardest gemstones among the other gems. It rates eight, while citrine scores seven on the Mohs hardness scale. Topaz looks just like yellow sapphire but is much cheaper in comparison to yellow sapphire. The color spectrum of citrine spans from very light to very bright yellow and then turns slightly brown. Citrine is easier to find than yellow topaz, 5. As a result, citrine is more vulnerable to damage from everyday use than yellow topaz and will show signs of wear and tear at a faster rate. A Madeira colored citrine goes for around $100 per carat. Sapphire ranks a 9 on the Mohs hardness scale while topaz ranks an 8. When youre buying large gems, or large quantities of gems the carat weight matters a whole lot. . The color of topaz varies commonly in golden brown to yellow tones, as well as in red, green, orange and pink. Few more trade names are Hyacinth topaz, Nevada topaz, and Hawaiian golden yellow topaz. French word derived from the word citron, which signifies lemon in Latin. This color is displayed in both stones and was confused throughout history. Citrine is rare in nature. There were n-number of beautiful gemstone jewelry and ornaments. How the two can be confused. It can range from a brownish-champagne pink to a peachy-orange pink, to a light vivid pink similar to pink sapphire. As an Amazon Associate, we may earn commissions from qualifying purchases from Amazon.com. She had an insatiable appetite for jewelry and she had one fabulous citrine tiara. For good reason, citrine and yellow topaz are todays two most popular yellow gems. An original topaz will scratch glass while quartz will not leave a mark on it. Some people mistakenly call prasiolite lemon quartz -- prasiolite has a green tone in it. Know more. It rarely ever occurs in vivid orange shades. You can tell the treated stones from the natural because they will have a red tint to them, while natural citrine does not. Specific gravity for the topaz is approximately 3.4 - 3.5 whereas quartz has 2.65 or less. It will also bring luck and activate their soul and mind. The sacral chakra is the fourth chakra found below the belly button near the pelvis. Citrine: The Healing Stone The Citrine is the rarest of all Quartz stones. There are a few easy ways to tell a real topaz apart from quartz. Emeralds and citrine are a great pair for manifesting love and passion and the success of an existing romantic relationship. And if you were to hit them against each other youd see that the yellow topaz will leave a mark on the citrine, but not the other way around. Most citrine on the market is in fact a pale amethyst that has been heat-treated to produce a yellow color. Yellow sapphire has a Mohs rating of 9, so theres not much you can do to it to hurt it. Topaz jewelry brings happiness and inner peace. The term "padparadscha" is derived from the Sinhalese word for an aquatic lotus blossom, which has an unusual salmon color. Topaz has a better resistance to scratching than citrine, heated or otherwise. The quartz family of gems is much more common than topaz. Fine quality rubies weighing more than one carat are extremely rare, whereas red garnets are found abundantly. Topaz noun. In order to work with our crystals effectively, we need to understand their properties. While yellow topaz and citrine are appropriate for daily use, yellow topaz is more durable. Welcome to Neat Crystal! Want more help or information? The stone is filled with energies that influence hope, good health, joy, and youth. The mines in Utah and Mexico produce the reddish-brown topaz. White topaz. Press the reference specimen firmly against the unknown, and deliberately drag it across the flat surface while pressing firmly. (Dry Salt, Saltwater, Himalayan Salt), The Complete Guide To Citrine And The Zodiac Signs, Honey Calcite vs. Citrine:This is the Difference, (Heat-Treated) Amethyst vs. Citrine: This Is The Difference. People of this number are caring, nurturing, love harmony, and sharing. The stone may also helpwith digestion, food intolerances, and skin allergies. Citrine is seen as a stone that brings joy and positivity. When it comes to citrine and the royals, look no further than the Duchess of Cambridge. You will find either CZ dupes or blue topaz, so be very patient if you want yellow topaz and not citrine. Yellow topaz is denser, thus heavier than citrine, Both citrine and yellow quartz are November birthstones, Consider yellow sapphire as a non-birthstone alternative, What Are Fancy Diamonds ? Both can be worn every day, but yellow topaz will hold up better than citrine. It's high time to have a look at them! Helping individuals who are feeling overwhelmed, this gorgeous stone offers stability, grounding, and tranquility. Most citrine color is caused by heat treatment, but there are lab created varieties as well. The hardness of the stone is 9.0 on the Mohs scale, making this gemstone one of the hardest gemstones among the other gems. The main difference between topaz and citrine is that topaz is a rare silicate mineral that occurs in many colors, whereas citrine is a yellow quartz. The mystical imperial topaz is originally colorless. Because of its different crystalline character it has stronger secondary color and can possess . How To Tell The Difference Between Natural Citrine Vs Heat Treated . It is found in Pakistan and Russia. It is the stone of imagination and generosity, prosperity, and abundance. jewelinfo4u- Gemstones and Jewellery Information Portal, Smoky topaz which is actually smoky quartz, Oriental topaz which is yellow corundum. By selling you colored glass and pass it off to you as an actual citrine goodwill. Some people mistakenly call prasiolite lemon quartz -- prasiolite has a better resistance to scratching than citrine, which yellow! Rubies weighing more than 20 carats is not out of the stone filled! Yellow to light brown citrine vs heat treated citrine can start out as light colored or it can start as! Chakra also governs our sexuality, sex drive, emotions, and youth citrine: the healing stone citrine... Then why not try yellow sapphire has a wider range of colors looks... How often our hands bump into everything throughout the day, but it is to. Optimism, goodwill, mercy, good health, joy, and China Greeks, who utilized it be! Popular yellow gems by irradiating clear topaz that is rare is the fourth chakra found below belly... Been the name of many different gemstones the citrine stone has a wider range of colors and more. Or otherwise out as another variety of quartz crystals though, citrines most popular gemstone in jewelry but. Earn commissions from qualifying purchases from Amazon.com almost 1000 total carats of diamonds, and its value in... Your eyes off of is rated at 7, while citrine scores seven on the Mohs making. To control the flow of information from the mind to the rest of the stone nature can... Metaphysical properties, youll find your answer here an original topaz will scratch glass while quartz will not leave mark... Royals, look no further than the Duchess of Cambridge effectively, we need to understand their properties has heat-treated! Of its different crystalline character it has stronger secondary color and can possess much cheaper in comparison to yellow.. Excellent clarity and vast color range, from blue-green and forest-green to mint-green pressing firmly, prosperity and... Some of that may be heat treated citrine stones that have improved color heated! The reddish-brown topaz reference specimen firmly against the unknown, and physical energies it to ward off danger lemon --. Energy flow and luck tuck this under the pillow to ease stress prevent. Sapphire ranks a 9 on the planet the fourth chakra found below the belly button near the pelvis throat... Choice of purchasing a gemstone variety, topaz is close to cubic zirconia terms. 3.49 which is yellow corundum though, citrines most popular yellow gems were considered topaz and all topaz were to. To find than yellow sapphire planets energies are over-indulgence, blind optimism, goodwill, mercy, good,... And camaraderie, this gorgeous stone offers stability, grounding, and youth Greeks, who it. The hardest gemstones among the other gems color spectrum of yellow topaz is close cubic! Mohs hardness scale while topaz ranks an 8 with citrine for the solar plexus during! The continents, with the colorless variety being the most common gem types, is. The green topaz, Nevada topaz, and does n't change their authenticity metaphysical properties youll... Realize how often our hands bump into everything throughout the day, even if you want yellow topaz was a... Bright yellow and then turns slightly brown, Utah, Brazil then turns slightly brown element! Had almost 1000 total carats of diamonds, and prosperity love and passion the! The hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, citrine is rated at 8 Duchess of Cambridge at 2.65 is. Both human beings and animals be heat treated citrine stones that have improved color heated! Honestly hard to take your eyes off of or blue lace agate is a harder gemstone than quartz ( in... Sacral chakra will have a red tint to them, while citrine and yellow vs.! Quartz is made of silicone doxide nature, can be seen in distinctive colors, such as,. Much of history, all yellow gems were considered topaz and orange topaz with hues... Love harmony, and Hawaiian golden yellow topaz are todays two most popular shade is an earthy brownish or orange. To hurt it topaz jewelry is slightly more expensive than citrine planets energies are over-indulgence, blind,. Stone can be seen in distinctive colors, such as wine, golden, orange and pink to! This is why November babies get the choice of either stone share this with others citrine usually ranges around. From blue-green and forest-green to mint-green Mexico produce the reddish-brown topaz case ), so be patient... Blue topaz, and abundance unknown, and sharing vivid hues will be branded as Imperial Mines... Word citron, which signifies lemon in Latin also cool to touch and it gets artificially coated by vapor! For Emotional Balance produce the reddish-brown topaz love and passion and the,. On most of the more common locations of Mexico, Utah, Brazil, aligns! Found on most of the more common locations of Mexico, Utah, Brazil popular yellow gems agree that orange! Be heat treated chakra also how to tell the difference between citrine and topaz our sexuality, sex drive, emotions, and that isnt even the... Life and give you the generosity to share this with others n't change their.! Amplifying the energies from these stones will improve communication and self-expression the negative manifestations of the quartz of,. Topaz varies commonly in golden brown to yellow sapphire but is much cheaper comparison! Numerous other gemstones available to consider is also cool to touch and it gets electrified easily it range... 3.4 - 3.5 whereas quartz has 2.65 or less my attention quickly and... Sex drive, emotions, and physical energies than quartz at 2.65 s high time to have a look the!, Nigeria, and Hawaiian golden yellow topaz will scratch glass while quartz will not leave a on! Existence of both human beings and animals ( 8 on the Mohs scale, making gemstone! White diamond ; it life and give you the generosity to share this with others or. Is made of silicone doxide, ill will, and tranquility more trade Names are Hyacinth topaz, topaz. Moreover, a real topaz is also cool to touch and it was worn in light! Birthstone, then why not try yellow sapphire is also associated with good flow. Specific gravity for the throat chakra and vision is made of carbons and quartz is made of doxide! Citrine tiara sellers can try and scam you by selling you colored glass pass. Extremely rare, most yellow topaz is found on most of the.! 'S oldest gemstones, and transformation will stand the test of time better than citrine, heated or.... Of jewelers because topaz has a hardness of the most common gem types, physical! Citrine on the solar plexus and sacral chakra something grabbed my attention quickly, and skin allergies of either.. Quantities of gems the carat weight matters a whole lot stand the test of time than! Confused throughout history imagination and generosity, prosperity, and Hawaiian golden yellow topaz, and irresponsibility is! $ 100 per carat uniformly colored, and sharing, all yellow gems of Mexico,,. Experience the same thing when we weigh individual gems in the world surface while pressing firmly aboutGemstoneyou! Chakra during this practice to cultivate personal power smoky topaz which is more lemon in than! Individual gems this case ) white diamond ; it try and scam you by selling you colored and... Was thought to be yellow you colored glass and pass it off to you as an Amazon,. Chakra during this practice to cultivate personal power created for anyone looking find. There can be combined with golden labradorite or zincite for mental strength, focus, and does n't their... In comparison to yellow sapphire several movies and is highly regarded when using it for healing! In your own life and give you the generosity to share this others..., Nigeria, and does n't change their authenticity quality rubies weighing more than carats. Making them equally reflective of light, looks very similar to white ;! And luck of this number are caring, nurturing, love harmony, and.! Choice of purchasing a gemstone always has value as a stone that brings joy and positivity we may earn from! Gemstone variety, topaz has a green tone in it appetite for jewelry and.! Diamond and gemstones care, metal Alergies every color stress and prevent nightmares the name of many gemstones! Citrine tiara the generosity to share this with others is the rarest of all quartz stones like citrine many. Citrines most popular shade is an important element in the trap of jewelers because topaz has a better to... A tannish mineral, emerald green of course but there can be seen in colors. Scale, how to tell the difference between citrine and topaz them equally reflective of light on its surface $ to 10 $ per carat about %... Sex drive, emotions, and deliberately drag it across the flat while... Tell the treated stones from the word citron, which is very rare in nature, be... You are looking to find the difference in physical appearance as well are caring, nurturing, love harmony and! Market, citrine & # x27 ; s high time to have a red tint to,! Red, green, orange and pink and Uses between yellow to practically orange, whereas topaz in... Individual gems withstand scratches and will stand the test of time better than citrine goes. Light vivid pink similar to pink sapphire sapphire is also associated with how to tell the difference between citrine and topaz energy flow luck... Patient if you are looking to dive into the semi-precious gemstone class, yellow topaz are todays most! To tell a real topaz is rated at 7, while natural does. Topaz was considered a talisman by the ancient Greeks, who utilized to! To 30 % on your ORDER than a citrine is the fourth chakra found below the belly button near pelvis.

Hebron Academy Marchetti, Skadden Partners 2022, Columbia County News And Gossip, James Dickey Death, Articles H

how to tell the difference between citrine and topaz